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Home > Vermont > Quarry Links and Photographs
The Beedle’s Prospect was “in the west corner of the town of Randolph between the Bethel line and the west branch of White River, in school district 11, three-fourths of a mile west and southwest of the Vermont Central Railroad, which here describes a curve. It is on the farm of A. H. Beedle, of Randolph…According to the State geologic map of 1861 this granite should be on the west side of the western belt of ‘clay slate,’ but no granite is shown on the map in this town.” The granite is reportedly a fine white granite. The main opening was 60 by 30 feet. In 1916 there was no quarrying.
Accessory minerals: Zircon, apatite, and rutile. Secondary minerals: Kaolin, a white mica, rather abundant epidote, and zoisite in irregular particles up to 0.5 millimeter, exceptionally 0.75 millimeter, accounting for the greenish tinge…; a little calcite and rare chlorite scales up to 0.22, exceptionally 0.75 millimeter, reinforcing the greenish tinge.
“Vermont. - Most of the steatite of this State is found on the east side of the Green Mountains and near the eastern line of the talcose slate formation, beds of it extending nearly the entire length of the State. The rock occurs usually associated with serpentine and hornblende. The beds are not continuous and have, as a rule, a great thickness in comparison with their length. It not infrequently happens that several isolated outcrops occur on the same line of strata, sometimes several miles apart, and in many cases alternating with beds of dolomitic lime stone that are scattered along with them.
“At least sixty beds of this rock occur in the State in the towns of Readsboro….”
“Vermont. - Most of the steatite of this State is found on the east side of the Green Mountains and near the eastern line of the talcose slate formation, beds of it extending nearly the entire length of the State. The rock occurs usually associated with serpentine and hornblende. The beds are not continuous and have, as a rule, a great thickness in comparison with their length. It not infrequently happens that several isolated outcrops occur on the same line of strata, sometimes several miles apart, and in many cases alternating with beds of dolomitic lime stone that are scattered along with them.
“At least sixty beds of this rock occur in the State in the towns of…Richford….”
The Liberty Hill Quarry was located “3 miles south of Rochester village (the west terminal of the White River Valley Railroad), on the Rochester-Pittsfield town line. The outcrop extends into the town of Pittsfield, in Rutland County, (Vermont).” The granite was reported as a greenish-white color with conspicuous brilliant muscovite spots with a coarse texture.
This granite is a building granite. In 1909 the granite from the Liberty Hill Quarry was used for the base course for the gymnasium at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.
“Vermont. - Most of the steatite of this State is found on the east side of the Green Mountains and near the eastern line of the talcose slate formation, beds of it extending nearly the entire length of the State. The rock occurs usually associated with serpentine and hornblende. The beds are not continuous and have, as a rule, a great thickness in comparison with their length. It not infrequently happens that several isolated outcrops occur on the same line of strata, sometimes several miles apart, and in many cases alternating with beds of dolomitic lime stone that are scattered along with them.
“At least sixty beds of this rock occur in the State in the towns of Readsboro, Marlborough, Newfane, Windham, Townsend, Athens, Grafton, Andover, Chester, Cavendish, Baltimore, Ludlow, Plymouth, Bridgewater, Thetford, Bethel, Rochester, Warren, Braintree, Waitsfield, Moretown, Duxbury, Waterbury, Bolton, Stow, Cambridge, Waterville, Berkshire, Eden, Lowell, Belvidere, Johnson, Enosburgh, Westfield, Richford, Troy, and Jay.
“Of the beds named those in Grafton and Athens are stated to have been longest worked and to have produced the most stone. The beds lie in gneiss. The quarries were profitably worked as early as 1820. Another important bed is that in the town of Weathersfield. This, like that of Grafton, is situated in gneiss, but has no overlying rock, and the soap-stone occurs in inexhaustible quantities. It was first worked about 1847, and during 1859 about 800 tons of material were removed and sold. The Rochester beds were also of great importance, the stone being peculiarly fine-grained and compact. It was formerly much used in the manufacture of refrigerators. The quality of the stone is represented to be unusually good and free from impurities.*….”
(* Page 360, footnote 1: Geology of Vermont, Vol. II, p. 783-91.)
“As you stand on one of the observation platforms at the edge of the quarry, you'll see a fascinating 40-acre panorama of solid granite. Directly below you, 350 feet down, your eye will pick out steel-helmeted quarriers, dwarfed by their surroundings, drilling into the solid granite floor. In the center of the quarry is the light emerald-green pool of water which is always present in deep quarries. This one is forty feet deep. Around the edges of the quarry are the twelve huge derricks, whose masts are 3 feet in diameter and 110 feet tall. These derricks hoist the huge blocks of granite, some weighing 50 tons, from which come the world-famous Rock of Ages Family Monuments. It is indeed a sight to remember to see one of these huge blocks being slowly lifted from its age-old bed at the bottom of the quarry to the waiting flat cars far above. As you leave Rock of Ages over the paved three miles of road curving down the mountainside, you'll get one of the typically lovely views for which Vermont is so famous.”
“The serpentine quarry, opened before 1858, is about half a mile south of Roxbury station, and about 600 feet west of the railroad, in Washington County. It measures at the surface 100 feet north to south by 35 feet across, but at the bottom, 70 to 75 feet down, 120 feet north to south by 48 to 50 feet across. A new opening, 500 feet south of the old one, was begun in 1910. Operator, Barney Marble Co., Swanton, Vt.
“The serpentine, “Vermont verde antique” (specimens D, XXXI, 2, c, rough; f, polished), and its geologic relations have been described on page 49.
“The serpentine is finished at Swanton and is used for columns, wainscoting, counter tops, base, and tiling. A photograph of a small polished piece is reproduced in Plate VIII, A, a.
“Specimens: Wainscoting, post office, Danville, Ill.; the Delaware Columns and panels (10 feet 6 inches by 4 feet 2 inches), Hall of Justice, San Francisco. Counter and base, Union Station, Washington, D. C. Base, First National Bank, Chicago. Tiling, city hall, Indianapolis, Ind. The length of columns is limited to 15 feet.”
| “Rutland is the center of the marble interest of Vermont. It is a region rich in limestone and marble has been quarried here since 1830. Population about 15,000.” (postcard photograph; no postmark date; early 1900s) |  |
| (colorized postcard photograph 209.285 JV; The Valentine & Sons' Pub. Co. Ltd., New York and Boston; printed in Great Britain; no postmark date; early 1900s) "Marble Valley, showing Engine House and Derrick, Rutland, Vt." |  |
| (colorized postcard photograph 61448; Tichnor Quality Views; no postmark, early 1900s) |  |
(postcard photograph 209287 JV; The Valentine & Sons. Pub. Co. Ltd. New York and Boston; printed in Great Britain; postmark May 18, 1910) |
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| (colorized postcard photograph 12759 JV; The Leighton & Valentine Co., NY. City; printed in United States; postmark October 24, 1924 ) |  |
The following paper is an excerpt from the First Annual Report of the Vermont State Board of Agriculture, Manufactures and Mining, for The Year 1872, by Peter Collier, Secretary of the Board Montpelier, J. & J. M., Poland’s Steam Printing Establishment, 1872, “Rutland County Marble, with a History of the Marble Industry of Vermont, and a Statement of Comparative Value,” An address delivered before the State Board of Agriculture, &C., at Burlington, Jan. 24, 1872, By J. E. Manley, Esq., of West Rutland. (pp. 656-666).
“In the creative wisdom of God, displayed alike in the creation of earth and man, we are to suppose that the earth from the first had been preparing for the service of man. For him the ‘darkness’ and ‘waste’ which had rested upon the earth through periods of rest and activity, had been restored to order and beauty, forming part of a system of means, pointing to the success and prosperity of man, the subordinate end. From time to time organic fires had crystallized the granite and piled it into lofty table lands, and the never wearied waters had washed it down to extensive plains of vegetable soil. The earth, vibrating with electrical shocks, has become veined with metallic ores. In the ages of comparative quiet through which the earth passed, long accumulating vegetation of preceding periods was for man transmuted into stores of fuel. The ferruginous deposits of primeval waters were becoming iron, and for man successive races of destroyed animals were changed to useful limestone; the interior of the earth becoming a storehouse, containing everything for the service of man, so that when the time should come for him to open and gaze upon her treasure, ‘the blessings of the deep which lieth under,’ he might gratefully recognize the benevolent foresight and wisdom of Him who had placed them there.
“Perhaps this wisdom is not more displayed in any of the deposits than is manifest in the deposit of limestone, usually termed marble, embracing a system not manifest in anything else which God has made. The deposits of marble in Rutland county and in the State present a different appearance and texture in almost every opening not upon the same strata. The quarries at West Rutland, the most celebrated in the United States, are mostly upon the same deposit - dip to the east at the surface at an angle of about 45 deg.; although in some of the openings the strata is more erect, and in others less than 45 deg. There are openings of recent date upon the west of those most celebrated; and the longest worked, and located at the base of the West Mountain, dip also to the east at an angle varying from 38 to 45 degrees. These openings, one of which dates back as one of the first in Rutland county, are not as compact, and are upon the same strata more changeable in texture and color, than the older worked and more extensive quarries of which I shall directly speak. One of these at the base of the West Mountain contains serpentine and verd-antique marble, the texture of which is very uneven, and when exposed to the sun and rain becomes more brittle and hard (sic) than any other marble known to the trade. The composition of verd-antique marble not being the same as other marbles accounts, perhaps, for the unusual condition from exposure. This marble is not now quarried, and I have been thus particular in its description, as there is no other marble quarried in Rutland county resembling it except the brocatelle, known to the trade as ‘brocadilla.’ The deposit known as the quarry of the Green Mountain Marble Company is developed about 50 feet in width, and consists of eleven layers, varying from 2 ½ to 5 feet I width. The No. 1 and average marble in this quarry composes about one half of the opening, and has proved to be very desirable marble, and sound at a depth of 25 feet from the surface. The marble upon the surface of this quarry was simply decomposed limestone, and all the layer was very soft when the quarry was first opened, - illustrating a principle that to be sure of a sound quarry, soft and decomposed marble is generally found upon the surface, and also where the marble is fine and hard upon the surface, usually great depths are attained before sound marble is reached.
“These recently opened, as above stated, embrace a large proportion of the white marble, and some of the layers are very fine, and much sought by dealers for carving purposes. The older and more extensively worked and most valuable quarries embrace a width of 110 feet, consisting of 24 layers of marble at present quarried, sawed and placed upon the market, varying in color and texture, and each layer representing a different value. In describing these different layers I desire to be particular in the description of a few, as showing peculiar and unaccountable phenomena in nature....”
(This section continues with discussion on the following subjects. To read those sections, first go to the location and then find the entry title. (1) Sheldons & Slason’s Quarry, (2) Sutherland Falls Quarry, and (3) Eureka Marble Quarry.)
The Marble Business.
“The first opening for marble was made in West Rutland in 1838, and promised success for a while, but its importance was eclipsed when in 1843 William F. Barnes, the pioneer in the marble business, commenced work upon the rich deposit of what now belongs to the Rutland Marble Company. The Sutherland Falls quarry was opened about the year 1830, and has been worked at intervals ever since until to-day. Although it boasts of no white marble, it ranks in importance second to none in Rutland county. This is owing to the fact that colored marbles are more durable and more sought by purchasers for monumental purposes than the white marble, so much used in its early history. But the use of No. 1 and statuary marbles has demonstrated the fact that their composition is unsuited for external uses; the experience of years proving more to the practical mind than science could possibly accomplish.
“There are twenty marble mills in Rutland county, in which are 200 gangs of saws, each gang having about 22 saws. About 50 gangs in different mills are at present idle from various causes, the most apparent one being the want of capital. Some of these gangs are idle for want of paying marble to saw, the deposit upon which they are located being worthless as a practical enterprise. These saws, in the most approved mills, will pass through a block of marble, free from flint, 4x6 feet, at the rate of one inch and a half to the hour, each gang sawing 220 feet in twelve hours, and the 150 gangs now in operation sawing 33,000 feet of marble every twelve hours, making an aggregate annual production of saws marble in Rutland county of 9,900,000 feet. It is estimated by statistics and careful observation that of this marble there are $1,500,000 worth sold in the markets each year.
“It will be difficult to give anything more than a comparative value of the different marbles quarried in Rutland, being, as an article of merchandise, subject to advance and decline. But there is an intrinsic and standard value attached to marble of some grades which the fluctuations of markets cannot affect, or the niggard necessity of a ten per cent. loan destroy. Like the gold dug from the mountain side, it has a standard value, and when the capitalist can secure a deposit largely composed of statuary No. 1 and average marbles, he can invest with perfect safety, and success will certainly crown and repay confidence so bestowed. But that quarry which is composed of three quarters No. 3 marble, a thin layer of statuary, and a little No. 1, is dangerous to both the pockets and the morals of any man who is bold enough to engage therewith. It will prove a pecuniary mill-stone carrying him to the very depths of bankruptcy.
“In the early history of marble quarrying the process was to blast from the bed with small charges of powder, but the folly of this was soon ascertained, and a better and the present way of quarrying was discovered. The early process destroyed a great deal of marble, and after a great expense in opening a quarry, it was natural that a better way should be sought out. The present mode, you are aware, is to cut channels with drills sharpened for the purpose, about two inches in width, and at any desired length or angle. The marble is raised from the beds with ‘half-winds’ and wedges placed in holes drilled for the purpose. It is considered a day’s work to cut one and a half feet of such a channel, although experienced men can cut double that amount.
“The cost of quarrying marble, of course, depends much upon the texture of it; but in most deposits can be quarried at an expense of seventy-five cents per cubic foot. It is usually more expensive to quarry the poorer grades, as more flint and foreign substances enter into their composition. Contracts for quarrying have been made as low as fifty cents per cubic foot, but this is regarded as below the actual expense of quarrying. With an expense of seventy-five cents for quarrying, and the same amount for sawing, and an additional expense for selling, we have an aggregate cost of $1.75 for the manufacturing of marble and placing it in market. There is at least one-half of the marble quarried that is sold for a less sum than $1.75; much of it is sold for $1.00 per cubic foot.
“Therefore the theory that poor grades of marble will not pay for manufacturing, and are impolitic to open, much more to work such quarries. This theory also shows the net profit of quarrying good marble - a large per cent. being the net proceeds thereof. It has long been a subject of contemplation why sound marble is more readily found in Rutland county than in Addison and Chittenden counties. The theory advanced by some is that in the ‘drift period,’ the debris and loose rock were washed from the higher places and mountain sides of Rutland to the lower counties of Addison and Chittenden; certain it is that no successful openings have been found north of Brandon. This theory, if correct, will also account for the solid marble of Danby and Dorset. The theory may yet be demonstrated that when a great depth, perhaps fifty or seventy-five feet, has been reached, sound marble may be obtained in these counties, but I divine the reason not to have existed upon the surface, but within the earth. It will be noticed that the marble in Middlebury, Shelburne and Hinesburgh are all of a similar cast - the white marble being very fine in texture, but rarely sound - when the colored marbles in the same deposits are generally sound.
“These reasons, with the other peculiarities and phenomena, are sufficient to guarantee the fact that marble was placed in its present position by the result of plutonic action, although some of the layers in their composition and position would warrant and suggest aqueous deposits. But this last theory could not in any way account for the present condition of the highly crystallized marbles, like the statuary and No. 1 marbles.
“Stubborn facts, as revealed in the history of the marble business of Vermont, are sufficient to warrant just conclusions, without resorting to theories not fully based upon practical knowledge.*
“* It has been the object of this paper to give the extent of the deposits enumerated, and not different quarries, but I have mentioned some quarries as representing different features of the same deposit, nor is time and means at hand to give in detail a description of all the quarries in Rutland county. I mention the quarry of Sheldons & Slason as they have developed the greatest number of layers of any firm in West Rutland, and a description of their ‘new opening’ describes all the openings upon this deposit, consisting of the quarries of Parker, Gilson & Denny, Rutland Marble Company, Sherman, Adams & Williams, and the Manhattan Marble Co. I mentioned the Sutherland Falls marble quarry as representing a new deposit of marble of a different nature and color, also the Columbian Marble Co., and the Eureka Marble Co., as quarries upon this deposit but varying in color.”
Rutland & West
Rutland, Rutland County, Vermont – “Vermont
Marble,” in The
Youth’s Companion, by Priscilla Leonard, New England
Edition, July 14, 1898, pp. III.
| Cutting Marble, from “Vermont Marble,” in The Youth’s Companion, by Priscilla Leonard, New England Edition, July 14, 1898, pp. III. |  |
Vermont Marble.
“When Hiram Powers, the great American sculptor, had need of a block of perfect marble, he sent for it to his native state of Vermont, though he was then resident and working near the famous marble quarries of Carrara, in Italy. From this Vermont block he carved his finest statue, ‘The Greek Slave,’ which showed the American marble to be as flawless, as fine in grain, as pure and uniform in color and tone, and altogether as perfect as the best Italian marble known to sculptors.
“The quarries from which ‘The Greek Slave’ came are still being worked, and show no sign of exhaustion. All through the valleys about Rutland, in the western part of the state, marble underlies the ground in endless variety. – the pure white statuary marble, the chocolate, the green and white, the gray, the blue-veined – and some of these take a marvelous polish. Talk about ‘marble halls!’ The very sidewalks of West Rutland, as well as its halls, are of marble, and the foundations of the quarrymen’s cottages gleam white against the green hillsides.
“Stores, churches and mills are built of the omnipresent stone, and grayish-white heaps of it lie everywhere – huge blocks, rough slabs and broken fragments carelessly piled among the great derricks and beside the dusty roads and tracks. The very drain that the loquacious Italian gang were repairing as we passed them on our road to the quarry was being made out of marble.
“The first view of a flock of sheep by one who has imagined sheep to be creatures of snow-white fleeces, is less shocking than the first view of a marble quarry to one who has expected to see a thing of glittering beauty. From the rough railing that fences round a great hole in the earth, one looks down into a yawning depth of dirty gray, marked here and there by wide streaks and splashes of black upon the massive hewn sides. These sides are marked off in lines of drilling about seven feet apart, each line showing where a level has been worked over and taken out.
“From the rubbish-strewn bottom, three hundred and sixty feet below, – this is in the West Rutland quarries, – wide, yawning galleries, hundreds of feet long, stretch out, dark and disused, under the hill. Half-way down the quarry is the level now being worked, and to that the visitor can descend by wooden stairs, clinging to the walls, as shown in the illustration.
“After having descended – what a noise! As one scrambles down the last stair and wades over the sticky floor – for water used in the drilling forms a glutinous paste with the marble dust, and collects in sloppy white puddles everywhere – the din of the drills strikes full upon the ear, incessant and deafening.
“The level stretches away like a large gray cavern, low-roofed and vast. The heat of the steam, under the lowering curve of the rough-hewn ceiling, is pervading and oppressive. The bending arch of marble above is black with the accumulated soot from the engines that work drills and saws. A mist of steam and smoke fills the air, through which the electric lights upon each drill gleam weirdly and are reflected in the whitish pools of the floor. The throbbing thud of the steel as it strikes the marble, and the continual jar of the heavy machinery as the drill moves on, jerkily, over its appointed track, fill one’s ears to the entire exclusion of any other sound, and make speech impossible, so that the processes have to be explained to one in pantomime by the obliging foreman.
“Each drilling-machine – there are half a dozen or so on the level – has a movable iron track, the ordinary width of which is about six and a half feet. Upon this it runs, while the steel drills on each side of it, rising and falling incessantly, pierce the marble steadily as they are moved along. When the machine has run forward to the limit of its track, it moves backward again, the drills piercing the deeper at each journey.
“When the marble has been thus drilled six feet and a half deep, the rails are taken up and replaced across the level, and the machines then proceed to cut new grooves at right angles to the former ones. When the level has been entirely cut up into squares by this simple method, wedges are driven beneath, beginning at the open side of the level, and the marble separated into great cubes, each weighing ten or twelve tons, which are then swung out by the derricks and placed in readiness for the mills. Of course, when a statuary block is wanted, it can be cut out to order, of any desired size.
“The most notable thing about the marble-mills, or ‘sheds,’ is the simplicity of their processes. Water and sand are the principal reliance of the marble-worker. The great saws for cutting the blocks in slabs, for instance, are nothing but that pieces of metal, with no teeth and no carefully sharpened edge. To and fro they swing, a dozen or so of them to each block, hour after hour, through the marble, slowly and steadily, while a continual stream of sand and water pours over them, doing the real cutting by its wearing action between the saw and the groove. The cutting is very slow, as, indeed, are all the processes.
“Perhaps the briskest machine is a ‘beveller’ that shapes off the edges of the slabs as they have been sawn and partly polished. The polishing is all done with either sand or pumice-stone and water, sometimes under a leather pad, sometimes on a revolving table, but always slowly and thoroughly. And the last polish is given with the skin of the human hand! No tool or machine, it seems, will give quite the delicate high polish that the workman’s bare hand can impart.
“The great veined slabs, after they are finished, are wonderfully beautiful. Some go to line the corridors of great buildings, or to ornament their façades; some are for mantels and tables, and some even for floors. One rich man in New York has a bathroom built all of the exquisite green and white marble – walls, ceiling and floor, and a deep bath sunken in the floor at one end, with silver rail and faucets.
“It seems a long way from the soot and sloppiness and noise of the quarry to such luxury as that, doesn’t it? But polish, literally or figuratively speaking, carries its possessor a long way toward ornamental existence.
“Priscilla Leonard.”
Albertson Marble Quarry - Also see: West Rutland (east side), Vermont - Albertson Marble Quarry in the “ West Rutland, Vermont ” section.
Albertson Marble Co., Rutland, Vt.
Esperanza Blue Marble,
The marble mills which are being built by the F. R. Patch Manufacturing company, for the Columbian Marble Quarry Co. at Rutland, Vermont, are nearing completion.
There was a brief strike of the employees of the Columbian Marble Quarrying Company, of Rutland, Vt., owing to the objection of the men to the foreman of the polishing shop. The foreman was removed, and the men returned to work.
The following excerpt is from a paper from the First Annual Report of the Vermont State Board of Agriculture, Manufactures and Mining, for The Year 1872, by Peter Collier, Secretary of the Board Montpelier, J. & J. M., Poland’s Steam Printing Establishment, 1872, “Rutland County Marble, with a History of the Marble Industry of Vermont, and a Statement of Comparative Value,” An address delivered before the State Board of Agriculture, &C., at Burlington, Jan. 24, 1872, By J. E. Manley, Esq., of West Rutland. (pp. 656-666).
Eureka Marble Quarry.
“But I should do injustice did I not mention the opening at Federal Bridge, upon the east bank of Otter Creek, midway between Sutherland Falls and Rutland. The marble from this opening resembles very closely the Italian, and also the No. 1 of the Sutherland Falls marble, is fine and of a variegated appearance. The owners of this new and apparently valuable opening have recently built a new mill, and everything promises success.”
F. R. Patch Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vermont
Stone Working Machinery Of Every Description
Stone Planers a Specialty.
Gang Saws, Rubbing Beds of All Sizes, Slate Saws, Lathes, Etc.
F. R. Patch Manufacturing Co., Rutland, Vt.
Stone Working Machinery a specialty.
Stone Mill Builders and Contractors. Gang Saws, Derricks, Steam Hoists, etc. Rubbing Beds, Polishing, Planing and Moulding Machines for Marble and Granite. Circular Saws for Stone, Marble and Slate. Correspond with us regarding anything in the way of Stone Working Machinery. Mention the Monumental News.
“The F. R. Patch Manufacturing Co. of Rutland, Vt., are building a 50 horse power hoisting machine for the Vermont Marble Co.’s No. 4 quarry at West Rutland.”
F. R. Patch Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt., U.S.A.
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V. B. Macomber, Agent.
Baltimore Office, 110 S. Howard St.,
Telephone No. 2020.
Henry H. Meyer, Agent.
“The Foley prospect is about three-fourths of a mile west of the southeast corner of Rutland Township. The outcrop extends here and there, it is reported, into the township of Clarendon, toward a well-known bed of kaolin on the north bank of Cold River. Prospective operator, Edward H. Foley, 147 South Main Street, Rutland, Vt.
“The beds, to judge from their geographic position, probably belong not far from the basal dolomite.
“The marble (specimen D, XXXI, 86, a, polished) consists of alternating beds of very light gray calcite marble from 0.2 to 0.5 inch wide, alternating with irregular beds of very dark gray graphitic untwinned dolomite from 0.04 to 0.1 inch wide, both sets being most intricately plicated together. The calcitic parts polish well but the dolomitic not at all. Associated with these beds are also whitish calcitic marbles more faintly mottled with graphitic dolomite.
“The beds are reported to lie in vertical position.”
Frenier & Le Blanc, U.S. Agents
Rutland, Vermont
Pearson's "Krushite" For Rapid Sawing and Polishing
Granite, Stone and Marble. This material is largely used in Scotland, Sweden, Norway and Belgium on the hardest granites; also in Europe generally for sandstone, limestone, and other ordinary building stones, and in Italy, Switzerland and Belgium, on marble.
It combines toughness with hardness, and cannot be fractured under the saw blades or rubbers. It is despatched (sic) to parts of England, Scotland and Foreign countries where there it is preferred on account of its greater efficiency and durability. It is perfectly clean, evenly graded in standard sizes, and cheaper and more economical than any other material.
Frenier & Son, Rutland, Vt.
Frenier's Sand Pump. For Feeding Sand, Steel or Shot for Sawing Stone. Saws faster, uses less sand and water and requires less power and repairs than any other. Pays for itself in six months. Send for full description and prices.
Frenier & Son, Rutland, Vermont
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Lincoln Iron Works, Rutland, Vermont.
Stone-Working Machinery
Planers, Gang Saws, Rubbing Beds, Derricks, Traveling Cranes, Hoisting
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New York Office: 182 Front Street.
The Producers' Marble Company
Representing the joint stock carried on hand by
The Vermont Marble Co., Sheldon & Sons,
Gilson & Woodfin, Ripley Sons, The Dorset Marble Co.,
With Central Office At Rutland, VT.
Redfield Proctor, Pres., John A. Sheldon, Vice Pres.
E. P. Gilson, Sec. and Treas., D. K. Hall, Manager
With Branch Yards at:
Boston, Mass., 161 Causeway St., Jno. D. Allan, Manager
New York City, 398 to 403 South St., Jonas Clark, Manager
Philadelphia, PA., 2400 Chestnut St., Samuel Williams, Manager
Toledo, Ohio, 4, 6, 8, & 10 Lafayette St., H. D. Pierce, Manager
Chicago, ILL., East End Michigan St., Thomas A. Hall, Manager
St. Louis, MO., Corner 11th and Spruce Sts., E. H. Bradbury, Manager
San Francisco, Cal., 112 Montgomery Avenue, G. Landon, Jr. Manager
Offers to the Trade opportunities of selection through its manager and agents from over One Million of Feet of Marble Carried constantly in stock in Rutland, and over Half A Million of Feet In regular stock in its branch yards.
With these great advantages, it aims to guarantee Prompter Shipment than any one firm could give, Steam and Fair Prices and Uniform Grades, supplying all the Trade, who are in good commercial credit, with the utmost impartiality.
It does not in any way tend to interrupt the long and friendly relations of the old-established dealers with the respective companies composing the Producers' Marble Company.
On the contrary, any dealer having any preference as to the yard from which he wishes his marble selected, can so indicate or order direct; but for the convenience of the Central Office, all invoices will be sent out and collections made by it. Nor does the organization of this Company seek to interfere with the distribution of our marble by the old, well-tried and popular wholesale dealers now in existence, in whose success are heartily interested; but it facilitates the distribution of it, by opening up to every order, large and small, that comes in, either to Rutland or the Branches, the chances of careful matching and quick shipment from a vast Stock, larger than any one company could carry. The rapid multiplying of designs has so enormously increased the sizes and shapes in which our marble is wanted, that no one company could produce them except after moths of vexatious and damaging delay.
The marbles represented by this Company embrace all the sound white and blue marbles of West Rutland, all the Older and Most Standard of Vermont Marbles.
In conclusion, we promise, individually and collectively redoubled efforts to place our produce in your hands to your entire satisfaction. Thank you for the favors of the past, and soliciting a renewal of them for the coming year, we remain, your obedient servants, The Producers' Marble Co.
Steam Stone Cutter Company, Rutland, VT.
J. W. Cramton, President.
Geo. E. Royce, Treasurer.
Edmund W. Royce, Secretary.
The Wardwell Steam Stone Channeling and Quarry Machine
The original and first Stone-Channeling machine ever invented. Will
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Has no
equal of efficiency and economy of operation.
Pronounced by those who have used it the Best Machine for
the purpose in the world.
Send for Illustrated Catalogue, with full descriptions, and letters
from parties now using the machines.
Steam Stone Cutter Company
J. W. Chamton, President
Geo. E. Royce, Treasurer -
H. O. Carpenter, Secretary
Steam Stone Channeling and Quarrying Machine
The original and first Stone-Channeling machine ever
invented. Will pay for itself in a short time in reduced
cost of getting out stone. Has no equal for efficiency
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Pronounced by Those Who Have Used It the Best Machine for the Purpose in the World.
True Blue Marble Co., Office, Quarry and Mill,
Rutland, Vermont.
J. W. Cramton, President.
Geo. E. Royce, Treasurer and Manager.
Geo. B. Royce, Secretary.
Producers of the Finest Grades of Dark and Extra Dark Veined,
Dark and Extra Dark Mottled Blue Marble, in Block,
Sawed and Finished Stock.
The Fraser Quarry was located “on the southwest side of the southeast spur of Blue Mountain, about 950 feet above South Ryegate.” The granite from the quarry is light to medium gray in color with a medium to coarse texture. When measured, the quarry was about 300 feet square and had a depth from 5 to 20 feet. Granite from this quarry was carted 3 ½ miles to South Ryegate. By the time of the report in 1923, the quarry was no longer in operation.
The Gibson Quarry was located “on the southwest side of Blue Mountain, 940 feet above the village of South Ryegate.” About 1923 the operator was the Ryegate Granite Works company of South Ryegate. The granite was called “Ryegate” and is a light to medium gray color with a medium texture.
Accessory minerals: Titanite, zircon crystals, apatite, and pyrite. Secondary minerals: Epidote, kaolin, and white mica.
The Gibson Quarry opened in 1906. When it was measured in 1907 the quarry was about 200 feet square and had a depth from 2 to 4 feet. Transport of the granite was by cart 3 miles to the cutting sheds at South Ryegate, 940 lower.
The granite from the Gibson Quarry was used for monuments and bases “and to some extent for building.”
The Italian Quarry was located “on the southwest side of Blue Mountain, 940 feet above the village of South Ryegate and about 400 feet N. 60° W. from the Gibson Quarry.” About 1923 the operator was Rinaldo Tonelli of South Ryegate. The granite from this quarry is a light to medium gray color with a medium texture, which is reportedly identical with the granite from the Morrison and Gibson quarries.
The Italian Quarry opened in May, 1907. In August of that year the quarry measured about 250 by 100 feet and had a depth of 5 feet. The granite from this quarry was by cart 3 miles to South Ryegate.
The granite from the Italian Quarry was used for bases and hammered monuments.
The Morrison Quarry was located “on the southwest side of Blue Mountain, in Ryegate, about 940 feet above the village of South Ryegate and about 700 feet southeast of the Gibson quarry.” The 1923 report indicated that the last operator had been D. A. Morrison and that the quarry had been abandoned in 1915. Granite from this quarry is medium gray in color with a medium texture.
The quarry opened in 1900. When the quarry was measured in 1907 it was about 400 by 200 feet, and it had an average depth of 20 feet. Transport of the granite was by cart 3 miles to South Ryegate, 940 feet lower.
The granite from the Morrison Quarry was used for bases and hammered monuments.
The Rosa Quarry was located “on the northeast side of a southeast spur of Blue Mountain, about 300 feet below its top and in line with its main axis. This quarry is about one-third of a mile by rail from the Frazer Quarry and about 1,100 feet above South Ryegate.” At the time of the 1923 report, the operator was Rosa Bros. of South Ryegate.
There were two kinds of granite in the quarry. One of the granite is “Fine Gray,” which had a medium-gray color with a fine texture. The other granite was “Coarse Gray,” which has a medium bluish gray color with a medium texture.
Accessory minerals: Apatite, zircon crystals, titanite. Secondary minerals: Kaolin, a white mica, epidote, limonite.
The Rosa Quarry was opened in 1906 and by 1907 measured about 150 by 75 feet and had a depth from 10 to 25 feet. The granite was transported by cart nearly 4 miles to the cutting shed at South Ryegate.
The granite from the Rosa Quarry was used for hammered and rock-faced monuments and bases.
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Dunham & Jackson,
South Barre Granite Works,
Manufacturers of First-Class Monumental Work From best Dark
Blue and
Light Barre Granite.
Furnished to Order, Polished, Cut, or in the Rough. Shops and Mills,
at
Barre and South Barre, Vermont. Please send on your designs for our
prices. The Trade only Supplied.
South Barre, VT.
“The Bennington quarry, a little east of the village, is owned by the Bennington Marble Co., St. James Building, Broadway and Twenty-sixty Street, New York.”
“The Blue Ledge quarry, opened in 1825 or earlier, was known as the Holley, Fields & Kent, or Kent quarry, later as the Blue quarry. It is about on the 2,000-foot level, half a mile S. 60 ° E. from Green Peak and a mile S. 80° W. from East Dorset village, in the township of Dorset. (See map, Pl. I.) The view from the top of the dumps of this quarry, looking down the Vermont Valley, is one of the finest in the State. The quarry measures about 350 feet north to south by 100 feet across and has walls 60 to 85 feet high. It has recently been reopened. Operator, Norcross-West Marble Co., Dorset, Vt.
“The marble beds exposed here consist of 60 feet of mottled marble overlain by 25 feet of bluish dolomite, but the 1861 Vermont report states that this dolomite bed measures about 100 feet 10 rods west of the quarry. As there is marble above the dolomite this may be an intermediate dolomite.
“The marble (specimens D, XXXI, 9, a, rough; c, d, e, polished), ‘Dorset Mountain,’ is a calcite marble of faintly bluish white tint, irregularly mottled with very light gray and of irregular texture, consisting in the darker mottling of untwinned dolomite grains with a diameter of 0.02 to 0.12 millimeter and thus grade 1, but in the general white mass of twinned denticular calcite grains with a diameter of 0.25 to 0.75 millimeter, somewhat plentiful, pyrite crystals, rare muscovite, and very minute undetermined black particles. The stone takes a fair polish, but the dolomite mottling, being harder than the calcite ground, projects in minute relief on the polished face.
“The marble and dolomite beds dip 10° SSE. and 5° NNW., forming a very gentle anticline with an axis pitching gently south. The chief joints strike N. 10° E. and N. 80° W. and are steep or vertical. The marble beds or some of them are separated by beds an inch thick of white pyritiferous, quartzose, micaceous dolomite calcite marble which weathers light brown. In thin section this rock consists of calcite grains up to 0.5 millimeter in diameter, with finely disseminated limonite and crystals of pyrite passing into limonite, many quartz grains, fibrous muscovite, large scales of chlorite and muscovite, and also nodules of dolomite up to 0.3 inch. This marble has not yet been used to any great extent.”
Idem., pg. 759.
“There are two small and disused marble openings about three-fourths of a mile and 1 mile roughly southwest of Green Peak, one of which is known as the Deaf Joe quarry. At the lower one, on the 1,450-foot level, a white marble strikes N. 60° E. and dips 25° N. 30° W. At the upper one, on the 1,800 to 1,870 foot level, mottled marble about 20 feet thick is exposed with a very low westerly dip.”
“Between one-fourth and one-third of a mile south-southwest of the Blue Ledge quarry is the long disused Folsom quarry (see map, Pl. I), the floor of which is but a few feet higher than that of the Blue Ledge. The quarry is about 100 feet square and has walls 50 feet high. Its floor is underlain by 10 feet of dolomite, upon which lies more or less mottled calcite marble, about 50 feet thick.
“The beds strike N. 60° W., dip 10° N. 30° E., and are crossed by vertical joints striking N. 30° W. and N. 15° E., which form three walls of the quarry. At the west wall is a vertical dike from 1 foot to 2 feet 6 inches wide, becoming 8 feet a little beyond, with a N. 35° –40° E. course. The dike above the quarry floor has been quarried away or is covered with débris. The marble on either side of it is incrusted with limonite and stained red with hematite. On the quarry side the marble for 2 to 3 feet from the dike is much shattered and veined with calcite in crystals.”
“Green Peak (Hitchcock’s Mount Eolus), altitude 3,185 feet, although popularly confounded with Dorset Mountain, is properly an outlier of that mountain and of its schist mass. (See map, Pl. I; also maps of Pawlet and Equinox quadrangles, U. S. Geol. Survey.) Marble was quarried on its southeast side at the 2,100-foot level, or about 1,300 feet above the Vermont Valley at East Dorset.”
“The Kent & Root quarry, a little south of the village, is 50 by 60 feet in area and more than 100 feet deep. The marble strikes N. 5° –10° E. and dips 45° W., but to judge from the blocks on the dumps is much folded.”
Norcross-West Marble Co.’s Valley Quarry - Also see: Valley Marble Quarry (Norcross) below.
“There are two quarries in an upper and two in a lower tier, situated about half a mile west of the Owls Head, about 1 ½ miles north of South Dorset village, on the 1,400 and 1,670 foot levels–that is, 500 and 770 feet above the village. The Owls Head is the western summit of the schist outlier of Dorset Mountain, of which Green Peak is the eastern and higher point. (See map, Pl. I.) One of these quarries is reported to have been reopened in 1903; the others have been idle many years. The property is said to be controlled by the Dorset Mountain Marble Co., of East Dorset, Vt.
“The marble of the upper two quarries is reported as measuring altogether 150 feet, covered by 50 feet of dolomite, and that of the lower ones as consisting of 80 feet of mixed white and gray marbles. That these apparent thicknesses are not the actual ones is evident from the facts given in the discussion of structure (p. 93). Wherever the beds are not doubled over on themselves the thickness must be much less.
“A specimen of white marble from the northwestern or tunnel quarry of the upper tier is a coarse white calcite marble with grain diameter of 0.05 to 1.37, mostly 0.25 to 0.75 millimeter, and belongs to grade 5. A specimen of clouded white marble from the lower tier has a grain diameter of 0.07 to 1.12, mostly 0.25 to 0.62 millimeter, and is also of grade 5. It contains plentiful quartz grains in places, with stringers of muscovite and a little pyrite.
“The structure at these quarries is of very intricate character, as shown by figure 14 and Plate XVI, B (p. 132). In the northwestern upper quarry, where an apparent thickness of 100 feet is exposed with an apparent dip of 5° –10° N. 55° E., the marble consists of minor folds drawn out in an almost horizontal direction by flowage, so that a fold measuring only a foot in thickness at its thickest part, where doubled, has its apex 60 feet away. One fold 25 feet long by 5 feet in width, doubled, is probably altogether 50 feet long and 6 feet across at its widest part. (See fig. 14, a.) In the southeasterly quarry of the upper tier marble and dolomite are interbedded, as shown in figures 5 and 14, b. In the lower tier of quarries similar compressed and elongated folds occur (fig. 14, c and d). The axes of these folds strike N. 15° -60° E. The first inference from such structure is that no reliable measures of the thickness of the marble can be taken in this part of the mountain. A vertical joint in the tunnel quarry strikes N. 50 ° –55 ° E., and at the eastern one the joints strike N. 25° E. and dip 35° S. 65° E.
Ibid., pg. 103 footnote: This interbedding of dolomite and marble has been referred to on p. 31 and also in Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 195, 1902, pp. 13-15.
“The Plateau quarry of the Norcross-West Marble Co., situated 480 feet northeast of the Valley quarry, is of irregular form and averages about 90 by 80 feet and 15 to 40 feet deep. The stripping consists of 10 to 16 feet of gravel and fine sand. The stripping consists of 10 to 16 feet of gravel and fine sand. A view of part of the quarry is shown in Plate X, A.
“The relation of the marble beds in this quarry to those in the Valley quarry is very uncertain, as neither the outcrops nor the core-drill records make it clear. These records indicate at least 80 to 100 feet of marble beds at this quarry. The marble, known as “Dorset B,” is of a darker shade than “ Dorset A.”
“‘Dorset B’ (specimens D, XXXI, 4B, a rough; 4B, b and e, polished) is a calcite marble of light cream color, clouded with light-gray to smoke tint, and of coarse texture, somewhat less irregular than that of “Dorset A,” with a grain diameter of 0.07 to 1.12, mostly 0.25 to 0.62 millimeter, of grade 5. It contains some grains of quartz, groups of grains of granite or vein quartz, rare grains of potash feldspar (microcline), stringers of fibrous muscovite, and plates of white mica, also irregular minute semitranslucent nodules like those of “Dorset A” and a little pyrite in fine particles and crystals and limonite stain. The gray shade appears to be due to the muscovite, the pyrite, and the nodules.
“The structure at the northeast end of this quarry shows a strike of N. 70° W. At the southeast end the marble is intensely and acutely plicated; the little folds are 6 inches wide and 5 feet long. It is not clear whether these are horizontal folds in a vertical stratum or minor folds along a very gently dipping one.
“Tests of compressive and transverse strength of the marbles of the Valley and Plateau quarries were made for the company at the United States arsenal at Watertown, Mass., on March 5, 1903, with the following results.
“The marble of the Plateau quarry, ‘Dorset B,’ and the ‘Dorset A’ from the Valley quarry are used for construction and the “green bed” for internal decoration.
“Specimens: A triangular block of white marble taken from a building close to the main quarry, inscribed “A. D. 1831,” in which the letters and figures have preserved their sharp edges and which in all probability came from the adjacent quarry opened 46 years earlier, is regarded as the best evidence of the weathering quality of ‘Dorset A’ marble.
“The more important edifices made from these marbles are the New York Public Library, Forty-second street and Fifth Avenue (except the approaches); the entire group of buildings of the Harvard Medical School; the John Hay Memorial Library, Brown University, Providence, R. I.; the Memorial Continental Hall, Washington (except northwest corner), including 13 monolithic 27-foot columns, (Pl. XI); the Royal Bank of Canada, Toronto; the Art Association Building, Montreal, with four 32-foot monolithic columns (see Pl. X, A); the portico and columns of the residence of Mr. W. T. Sessions, Bristol, Conn.; and the Congressional Church at Dorset, Vt.; and of “Dorset B” the exterior of the residence of Henry Phipps, Fifth Avenue and Eighty-seventh Street, New York.
“The ‘green bed’ supplied the panels and wainscoting of the National Commercial Bank, Albany, N. Y.; the interior of the American Trust & Savings Bank, Chicago; and the interior marble (except flooring) of the Hampden county courthouse at Springfield, Mass., including the columns in the rotunda and the pilasters shown on Plate VII.”
“A few data were obtained in or as to three idle quarries near South Dorset village. The locations are shown on the map (Pl. I).”
“The Norcross-West Marble Co.’s Valley quarry is a mile north-northwest of South Dorset village, and about 2 ½ miles S. 79° W. from the top of Green Peak, the southern outlier of Dorset Mountain, in the southwestern part of Dorset Township. (See map of Equinox quadrangle, U. S. Geol. Survey, and geologic map, Pl. I.) It was opened in 1785, was worked in 1870, and reopened in 1902. It measures about 500 feet in a northeast direction by 100 feet across and averages 70 feet in depth.
“Operator, Norcross-West Marble Co., Dorset, Vt.
“The marble beds consist, beginning at the top, of 116 feet of marbles, white and white mottled with light and dark gray, underlain by 10 to 17 feet of dolomite, and that in turn by 51 feet of gray marbles. (See p. 93.)
“The marbles of this quarry are known as ‘Dorset A’ and ‘Dorset green bed.’
“Dorset A” (specimens D, XXXI, 4, b, rough; e, f, g, polished) is a calcite marble of cream tinted to very light, faintly greenish smoke color, and of coarse irregular texture with grain diameter of 0.07 to 1.25, exceptionally 2 millimeters, but mostly of 0.25 to 0.75 averaging by a Rosiwal estimate 0.208 millimeter and thus of grade 5 (coarse). (See p. 54.) It contains semitransparent nodules of uncertain composition (carbonate? or silicate) and sparse small grains of quartz. The greenish smoky tint, in places in streaks, appears to be due mainly to the nodules and muscovite, but in places also to pyrite, which measures up to 2 millimeters. The polish when examined with a magnifier is only fair. A thin section of this marble is shown in figure 13.
Analysis of calcite marble from South Dorset.
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) - 98.43
Magnesium carbonate (MgDO3)-.26
Iron oxide (FeO) -.38
Moisture (H2O) -.44
Lose and undetermined -.49
(Total) - 100.00
“The results of physical tests of this marble will be found on page 101.
“‘Dorset green bed’ (specimens D, XXXI, 4, a, rough; e, d, polished) is an actinolite-calcite marble of faintly greenish to pale cream color with very dark to light greenish-gray streaks, really beds, not over 0.1 inch thick (where single and straight), acutely plicated at intervals. Its texture is coarse but more regular than that of “ Dorset A.” As its grain diameter is 0.12 to 1, mostly 0.25 to 0.62 millimeter, it is also of grade 5. The little gray-greenish beds consist of fibrous actinolite with a little quartz and irregular semitranslucent nodules of uncertain character and bluish-green tourmaline. Pyrite is plentiful up to 0.5 millimeter in diameter. Some limonite stain appears, presumably from the oxidation of the pyrite. The polish over the actinolite streaks is naturally poor.
“The pilasters of the “green bed” shown in Plate VII, which were cut parallel to the strike of the bed, seem to indicate some brecciation in that direction.
“The structure at this quarry seems to be that of a very gentle anticline with a N. 70° E. strike, but at the northeast end of the quarry the beds rise in minor folds with an average dip of 30° - 40° NNW, and a pitch of 10° N. 30° E. and the dolomite bed which underlies the marble of the center of the quarry reaches the surface with a thickness of 10 to 12 feet. This indicates a syncline between the northeast wall and the anticline of the quarry. Two vertical joints occur along the east wall with strike of N. 20° E. The strike of the marble (N. 70° E.) seems to be related to the N. 55° E. strike at the Continental quarry, a mile nearly southwest, and at the quarries near the Owls Head, a mile northeast. The dolomite is crossed by cleavage planes filled with quartz dipping about 20° E. A thin section of this rock is described on page 30.”
Ryegate Granite Works Co., South Ryegate, Vermont.
Quarry Owners and Manufacturers of Ryegate, Standard and Barre Granite.
Facilities.
Unlimited Water Power - McDonald Stone Cutting Machine - Power Derricks - Turned Lathes - Most Improved Polishing Machinery - Artistic Models.
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Platforms, Steps, Columns, Polished or Hammered. Round Rail for Cemetery Enclosures, Statuary, Mausoleums, Building Fronts, Rough Stock.
Before placing your orders for any above kinds of granite work, write us for prices.
“Vermont. - Most of the steatite of this State is found on the east side of the Green Mountains and near the eastern line of the talcose slate formation, beds of it extending nearly the entire length of the State. The rock occurs usually associated with serpentine and hornblende. The beds are not continuous and have, as a rule, a great thickness in comparison with their length. It not infrequently happens that several isolated outcrops occur on the same line of strata, sometimes several miles apart, and in many cases alternating with beds of dolomitic lime stone that are scattered along with them.
“At least sixty beds of this rock occur in the State in the towns of…Stow….”
“A reddish hematitic dolomite resembling some of the fragments in the breccia of the Dyer quarry, in Manchester (p. 97), occurs at a point 4 miles WSW. of Brandon, in Sudbury Township, along a brook flowing north into Otter Creek. It is about half a mile northwest of the site of the Cool farmhouse.
“The bed from its location appears to be very near the top of the marble. The rock is brecciated in places and coarsely cemented with flesh-colored and colorless calcite.”
The following excerpt is from a paper from the First Annual Report of the Vermont State Board of Agriculture, Manufactures and Mining, for The Year 1872, by Peter Collier, Secretary of the Board Montpelier, J. & J. M., Poland’s Steam Printing Establishment, 1872, “Rutland County Marble, with a History of the Marble Industry of Vermont, and a Statement of Comparative Value,” An address delivered before the State Board of Agriculture, &C., at Burlington, Jan. 24, 1872, By J. E. Manley, Esq., of West Rutland. (pp. 656-666). (You will find the complete history of the Rutland County Marble Quarries circa 1872 in the entry entitled: “ Rutland County, Vermont - Rutland County Marble, with a History of the Marble Industry of Vermont up through 1872 above.”)
Sutherland Falls Quarry.
“The next deposit, most celebrated and second in value, is at Sutherland Falls, near the line of Pittsford. It is much harder than the Rutland marble, heretofore described. This marble is sought by dealers for monumental work, being very durable and susceptible to a very fine finish. It is all variegated, and some of it presents a brecciated appearance rather than stratified rock. The No. 1 of this quarry resembles somewhat the veined marble of Italy, used in this country, but unlike it in texture, and from the presence of small particles of flint as in the brocatelle, will not receive as even or as high polish as the Italian, but, nevertheless, receives, under skillful hands, a very fine finish. The other layers most desirable and most valuable are the dark and light mourning veins, resembling very much the marble found in the Pyrenees and in some parts of France.
“The dark mourning veining has a ground of deep blue, whilst the characteristic color is nearly black, running through the layer continuously but zig-zag in its course, presenting a very beautiful appearance. The light mourning vein has the same characteristics, but the ground being nearly white instead of blue. Both of these layers are free from flaws in their general character and receive a very fine finish. A few rods to the east of this quarry is a deposit of white marble of considerable extent, but no sound marble has ever been obtained, so that it is without name in the list of quarries. The deposit in line with the Sutherland Falls quarry is different in color and texture as you go north, also south. About one hundred and fifty rods south is the quarry of the Columbian Marble Company, being one of the oldest opening upon this deposit; contains variegated and almost black marble.
“This marble, for the second time, has been but recently put upon the market, but is attaining an enviable reputation for mantel and monumental work, being quite hard and fine, and stands at the head of dark marbles. There are several deposits at Pittsford, Brandon, and Danby, a minute description of which I am unable to give, except to say that the marbles for most of these openings have been successfully placed upon the market. The marble of Danby is much coarser than the same quality of the Rutland marble, and No. 1 being coarser is of less value than the Rutland No. 1, yet quite as durable when exposed.”
“The St. Johnsbury (Vt.) Marble Co. propose opening a granite quarry near Sutton, Vt.”
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