“The kinds of stone produced in this state are granite, sandstone and limestone.
“Granite. - The total value of the granite produced in 1889 is $500,642. The product came from four neighboring counties in the southeastern part of the state. They are as follows: Iron, $373,558; Wayne, $63,842; Saint Francois, $60,842, and smaller amounts from Madison county. There are ten quarries contained in this area. The stone was about equally divided between general building purposes and paving blocks. The value of the stone devoted to building is $219,518. The value of paving blocks produced is $216,986. To bridge, dam and railroad work an amount valued at $63,638 was applied. A very small quantity was devoted to cemetery uses. The granite-quarrying industry dates back to a short time previous to 1880, but it at present bids fair to develop into an industry of considerable importance to the state. The most extensive quarries are at Graniteville, Iron county. The various plants at this locality are well equipped and supplied with improved machinery. Many of the finest buildings in St. Louis have been constructed of this stone. At Granite Bend, Wayne county, are extensive granite quarries well equipped. In 1887 a shaft 85 feet deep with drifts extending from the bottom of the shaft in various was sunk. It was then charged with 32,700 pounds of black powder. The result of the blast was such that they have stone enough broken up to supply the demands of the firm for fifty years. The cost of the blast was $16,000. Unquestionably the granite industry in Missouri, although at present in its infancy, may easily assume vast proportions in the near future.
“Sandstone. - Sandstone valued at a total of $155,557 was quarried in the following counties of the state: Johnson, $100,184; St. Clair, $15,000; Cape Girardeau, $12,734; and smaller amounts in Carroll, Barton, Saline, Franklin, Vernon, Holt, Lewis, Buchanan and Henry counties.
“Limestone. - The limestone industry in Missouri is a very large and important one. A product valued at $1,859,960 was produced in 1889. This includes the value of all lime produced, namely, to an amount valued at $465,390. The productive counties are the following: St. Louis, $870,276; Jackson, $211,743; Marion, $151,908; Greene, $103,324; Buchanan, $82,301; Dade, $72,327; Pike, $68,127; Jasper, $41,000; Perry, $33,070; Clark, $28,563; Mercer, $26,287; Lawrence, $26,060; Callaway, $24,500; and smaller amounts in Jefferson, Lewis, Wright, Cape Girardeau, Livingston, Andrew, St. Charles, Macon, Clay, Pettis, Cole, Linn, Caldwell, Sullivan, Randolph, Ray, Harrison, Monroe, Saline, Boone, Henry, Decal, Webster and Nodaway. The purpose to which the produce was devoted are as follows: For building purposes $542,871; the value of lime produced $465,390; for street work, $670,351; for bridge, dam and railroad work, $169,720, and small amounts for flux and miscellaneous uses. It is evident that by far the most important county producing limestone is St. Louis county. Many quarries in and around the city of St. Louis are operated. The stone is used for purposes of heavy construction, such as bridge and railroad masonry, building, paving, macadam, riprap, and the manufacture of lime. It is of excellent quality and shows great strength. In some of the quarries steam drills are in use, but in most of them the old methods are adhered to. The manufacture of a superior quality of lime in St. Louis has grown to be an immense industry. Most of the kilns are located just outside the city limits; they are well equipped and numerous. The produce is almost entirely used in St. Louis.
“The following are analyses of limestone from various localities.
The following analysis of Marion county, Mo., limestone was made by Regis Chauvenet & Brother:
Analysis of Marion County, Missouri, Limestone
Silica -.08 per cent.
Alumina and oxide of iron -.40 per cent.
Magnesia -.02 per cent
Carbonate of lime - 98.80 per cent.
Total - 99.30 per cent.
“These chemists state that this is the purest sample of limestone they have ever analyzed, leaving nothing to be desired for whiteness and purity.
“The following analysis of Ash Grove white lime was made by Charles W. Eoff, chemist:
Analysis of Ash Grove White Lime.
Carbonate of lime - 99.815 per cent.
Magnesia - Trace. per cent.
Alumina -.054 per cent.
Oxide of manganese - Trace.
Oxide of iron -.011. per cent.
Silicic acid -.120 per cent.
Phosphoric acid - None.
Sulphuric acid - Trace.
Total - 100.000
“The following analysis of Champion white limestone, Ash Grove, Mo., was made by W. D. Church.
Analysis of Champion White Limestone, Ash Grove, Missouri.
Carbonate of lime - 92.750 per cent.
Carbonate of magnesia - 3.260 per cent.
Silica and insoluble matter -.495 per cent.
Alumina -.480 per cent.
Oxide of iron -.400 per cent.
Sulphate of calcium - Trace.
Water -.675 per cent.
Alkalies and loss (sic) - 1.940 per cent.
Total - 100.000
Analysis of Limestone From St. Louis County.
Carbonate of lime - 97.76 per cent.
Carbonate of magnesia -.12 per cent.
Insoluble matter -.26 per cent.
Oxide of iron -.20 per cent.
Total - 98.34 per cent.
“The following analysis of Lawrence County limestone was made by J. F. Elsom, New Albany, Ind.
Analysis of Lawrence County Limestone
Carbonate of lime - 85.373 per cent.
Carbonate of magnesia - 12.112 per cent.
Silica - 1.289 per cent.
Alumina - 1.134 per cent.
Iron -.001 per cent.
Undetermined -.091 per cent.
Total - 100.000
“In northern Missouri limestone is found in every county and is quarried to a greater or less extent over the entire region. With but a few exceptions the quarries are worked on a small scale. The product is used in the immediate vicinity for foundations, cellars, wells, etc. The quarries are generally owned and operated by farmers, who do no work beyond the immediate local demand. Lack of facilities for transportation makes quarrying too expensive to be entered into as a business. Quarries adjacent to government works on the Missouri and Mississippi rivers have supplied quite an amount for riprap. At Ash Grove, Mo., are very extensive lime-kilns. A large quantity of lime is manufactured of a superior quality. The demand for this lime is very great. It is largely shipped to Alabama, Tennessee, Texas, Arkansas and Kansas, besides being also very largely used in Missouri. Extensive plants for burning limestone into lime are operated at Springfield, the product being used in Springfield, Kansas City and St. Louis. At Cape Girardeau a large quantity of lime of good quality is also produced. At this locality crude petroleum is used as fuel, and it is claimed that a whiter and stronger lime is obtained than can be produced by either wood or coal. The limestone quarries at Grafton produced stone which has been found most excellently adapted for foundation purposes. It is the stone chiefly used in the construction of the Eads bridge across the Mississippi river.
“Onyx. - Quite recently discoveries of onyx have been made in Crawford and Pulaski counties; also in Wright county a deposit has been discovered. This onyx is taken from what is known as the Ozark region, being found in caves in the Ozark mountains within seventy miles of St. Louis.
“William C. Day.”