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Sacramento County

  • Sacramento, County, California, Mineral Resources & Introduction to the Sacramento County Area of California (circa 1915) - Excerpt from Sacramento Valley and Foothill Counties of California: An Illustrated Description of all the Counties Embraced in this Richly productive Geographical Subdivision of the Golden State, compiled and edited by Emmett Phillips and John H. Miller, Published under the direction of The Sacramento Valley Exposition, J. A. Filcher, Director-in Chief, January, 1915.

    Sacramento County

    "Sacramento County, situated at the southern end of the great Sacramento Valley, is the fourth in point of wealth and sixth in point of population in California. It is one of the oldest counties in California, having been formed by an act of the first Legislature that assembled in the Golden State. Its early history teems with interest as it records the stirring deeds of the brave pioneers who came here in the days of ’49 seeking fortunes in the mines.

    "But we are concerned now more with the present (circa 1915) and future of the county than its history. It is a growing and prosperous community, offering special advantages to the home seeker. It posseses soil, climate, water, transportation facilities and markets - the five factors that are essential to the farmer's success. Its farm products include all deciduous fruits, grapes, berries, nuts, citrus fruits, alfalfa, cereals, stock, poultry and eggs, butter and cheese, etc. It is a county in which large tracts are being subdivided into small farms, and hence, there is plenty of opportunity for the settler to purchase unimproved land.

    "Sacramento County has an area of 988 square miles, most of which is farm land. The population of the county in 1910 was 67,806. It is now estimated at 90,000, as there has been a noticeable increase during the past four years. The area is mostly either fertile bottom lands lying along large rivers, or rich alluvial plains. The altitude varies from 30 to 125 feet, the land rising in gentle slopes on the eastern border of the county to meet the lower foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains.

    "Sacramento County has an abundance of water, being supplied by many streams. The Great Sacramento River, which flows the full length of the Valley, from Mt. Shasta to San Francisco Bay, is the western boundary of Sacramento County for a distance of about one hundred miles. The San Joaquin River, the other great waterway of the interior of Northern California, touches the county on the south. The American, the Cosumnes and the Mokelumne, all streams of importance, carrying water the year round, flow across the county. The Sacramento, the San Joaquin and their tributaries through many years of constant flow, have formed the rich delta lands of southern Sacramento County. This delta was once a great area of swamp land, subject to annual overflow, but through expenditure of vast sums of money, has been thoroughly reclaimed by the construction of great dykes, called levees in California, which keep the water from the cultivated fields. The delta, often referred to as the Netherlands of California on account of the similarity of the reclamation work to the dykes of Holland, consists of a number of islands, each of which is surrounded by a navigable waterway.

    "No more fertile land is to be found anywhere in the world, not even in the famous Valley of the Nile, than this rich river bottom. Here are produced the vegetables that during certain months of the year supply the principal markets, not only of California but of several States, including Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Idaho and Montana. This is also a district of luscious fruits and each year several thousand carloads go forward to Eastern markets from the river districts of Sacramento County alone.

    "Equally as rich as the land along the Sacramento River is that along the Cosumnes and American Rivers. Both of these districts are noted for a large variety of products which they produce to perfection. Hops that grow along the Cosumnes River are as fine as any grown in this world and command the highest prices in the market. This district is also noted for its fruit.

    "But all the land of Sacramento County is not river bottom land. There are great alluvial plains containing thousands of acres of fertile land suited to the culture of a vast variety of profitable products. Not many years ago these plain lands were all farmed to grain, but during the past few years, as in other sections of the Valley, grain farms have been subdivided and ten and twenty-acre tracts devoted to intensive cultivation have succeeded them. The plains are exceedingly productive when irrigated and this is made easy because of the inexhaustible supply of water that underlies the entire area of Sacramento County. All that is necessary to obtain water is to sink a well from fifteen to forty feet and a flow sufficient for irrigation is obtained. The water is lifted from the well by a pump run by either gasoline engine or an electric motor. Either is inexpensive. The possibilities of irrigating from wells in this county are well illustrated in the Florin district, just south of Sacramento City. This is a great Tokay grape and strawberry district. The only irrigation the plants received besides the natural rainfall, is from the well water. Florin annually ships many carloads of grapes and even more of strawberries to markets beyond the borders of the State.

    "Besides the bottom and the plain lands, there is still another class of productive land in Sacramento County. This is the rolling land at the beginning of the foothills of the Sierra Nevadas. This rolling land lies north of the American River and is no doubt the most picturesque part of all Sacramento County. It includes the prosperous colonies of Orangevale and Fair Oaks, noted for their production of citrus and semi-tropical fruit. Practically all the oranges grown in Sacramento County come from the pretty groves on the gentle slopes of Orangevale and Fair Oaks. Here, like in all Sacramento Valley counties that grow oranges, the golden fruit ripens from six weeks to two months earlier than that of any other orange growing district in the United States. Olives and almonds are also profitable crops in these colonies and the homes of some of the owners of tracts, as picturesque as any in California, are indicative of prosperity.

    "Sacramento City, the county seat and the capital of the State, is situated on the east bank of the Sacramento River, which is navigable the year round as far north as Red Bluff, 150 miles north of Sacramento. It has a population of 75,000 and an assessed valuation of $65,000,000. Several lines of freight and passenger steamers ply between Sacramento and San Francisco and the passenger steamers are floating palaces similar to those on the Hudson River. Two transcontinental steam roads and four interurban electric lines enter Sacramento, which is an industrial city. The main shops of the Southern Pacific and Western Pacific railroads are located here. There are also three great fruit canning institutions and many factories of various kinds."

  • Sacramento County, California (circa 1915-1916) - Excerpts from Report XV of the State Mineralogist, Mines and Mineral Resources of Portions of California, Chapters of State Mineralogist's Report Biennial Period 1915-1916, Part III. The Counties of El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, Yuba, California State Mining Bureau, 1919, pp. 271-459.

    Sacramento County, by Clarence A. Waring, Field Assistant.

    Introduction. "Two weeks were devoted in October, 1916, to the mineral industry of Sacramento County...."

    Description.

    Location, boundaries and area (of Sacramento County)

    "Sacramento County is bounded on the north by Sutter and Placer counties; on the south by the San Joaquin and Mokelumne rivers and Dry Creek; on the east by El Dorado and Amador counties, and on the west by the Sacramento River and Steamboat and Sutter Sloughs.

    "The county was organized in the year 1849 and covers an area of 983 square miles.

    Population and county seat (of Sacramento County)

    "The population of the county in 1913 was 90,000 - 75,000 of which were centered in Sacramento, the county seat and State Capitol, situated at the confluence of the American and Sacramento rivers.

    Topography and drainage (of Sacramento County)

    "Sacramento County lies mainly in the central valley of California extending from the Sierran foothills on the east down to the Sacramento River on the west. The highest elevations in the county southeast of Folsom are less than 900 feet, while the lowest in the southwestern portion of the county are slightly below sea level...."

    Transportation (in Sacramento County)

    "The Southern Pacific main line enters the city of Sacramento from the southeast from Stockton and passes northeastward through the county to Roseville, Placer County. The company has branch lines from Sacramento to Placerville, El Dorado County by way of Folsom, and from Sacramento south along the east side of Sacramento River to Walnut Grove. The Western Pacific main line crosses the west side of the county from south to north through the city of Sacramento.

    "The Central California Electric Traction railway runs from Sacramento southeastward through the county to Stockton. The Oakland, Antioch and Eastern Electric railway crosses the river at Sacramento and runs southwestward to San Francisco. The Northern Electric railway runs north from Sacramento to Marysville.

    "Good highways radiate from the city of Sacramento to Stockton, Folsom and Roseville. Branch roads make all parts of the county easily accessible. River boats ply between Sacramento and San Francisco and furnish a cheap means of transportation.

    Economic Geology (of Sacramento County)*

    (* Page 401 footnote: For a geologic map of eastern Sacramento County see U. S. Geol. Survey, folio reprint 3, 5 and 11, 1914.)

    "The higher northeastern portion of Sacramento County, in the region east and southeast of Folsom, is made up of diabase, amphibolite schist and slate.

    "To the extreme northeast in the region of Represa these old metamorphics are intruded by granodiorite, which is being quarried for stone. Ancient river gravels overlie these older rocks in the region of Mormon Island, where they were placered in the early days.

    "Along the lower foothills sedimentary strata of upper Cretaceous (Chico) and upper Eocene (Ione) age are exposed. These strata are composed of shales, sandstones, clays, sands and gravels interbedded with volcanic tuffs and breccias. They are overlain along the edge of the valley by alluvium...."

    Mineral Production (in Sacramento County)

    "The mineral production of Sacramento County during the year 1915 consisted of gold, silver, platinum, brick, natural gas and granite, valued at $2,632,658. The county stands tenth among the counties of the state as a mineral producer and fourth as a gold producer."

    In the table on page 402 entitled, "Sacramento County - Table of Mineral Production, 1880-1915 (inc.)," the only statistics for the stone industry in Sacramento County are listed in a column with the heading, "Miscellaneous stone." The first entry for this column is for the year 1894 and states: "75,000 cu. ft. State's use. The next year, 1895, states "85,000 cu. ft. State's use." The monetary value of the stone statistics begins for the year 1896 with $12,018 and builds up to $284,127 for the year 1915. The total for the "Miscellaneous stone" column is $2,049,515.

  • Sacramento County Mineral Industry (circa 1919) - Excerpt from California Mineral Production for 1919, Bulletin No. 88, by Walter W. Bradley, California State Mining Bureau, 1920, pp. 159.

    Area: 983 square miles.
    Population: 90,978 (1920 census).
    Location: North-central portion of state.

    "Sacramento stands fourteenth among the counties of the state as a mineral producer, the output, principally gold, for 1919 being valued at $2,275,827, as compared with the 1918 production, worth $2,102,597. In regard to gold output alone this county ranks fourth, being exceeded only by Yuba, Amador, and Nevada counties. Its mineral resources include: Brick, clay, gold, natural gas, platinum, silver and miscellaneous stone.

    "Commercial production for 1919 was as follows:

    (Headings for the information below are: Substance, Amount, and Value.)

    Clay and clay products, ---, $113,000
    Gold, ---, $1,820,000 (estimated)
    Silver, ---, $5,000 (estimated)
    Stone, miscellaneous, ---, $276,432
    Other minerals,* ---, $61,395
    (Total value) $2,275,827

    (* Includes natural gas and platinum.)

    Sacramento County, 1916 Map, from California Mineral Production for 1919 (with County Maps), Bulletin No. 88, by Walter W. Bradley, California State Mining Bureau, San Francisco: California State Printing Office, 1920, pp. 188. Sacramento County , 1916 Map

Sacramento County List of Quarries, Etc.*

(* Please note this list does not include sand or gravel quarries.)

  • Fair Oaks, Sacramento County, California - the Natomas Consolidated Rock Crushing Plant (Crushed Rock) (Excerpt from Report XV of the State Mineralogist, Mines and Mineral Resources of Portions of California, Chapters of State Mineralogist's Report Biennial Period 1915-1916, Part III. The Counties of El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, Yuba, California State Mining Bureau, 1919, pp. 271-459.)

    "The Natomas Consolidated of California, owns a large rock crushing plant at Fair Oaks which converts dredge tailings to a commercial product...."

    Photo No. 46. Natoma Rock Crushing Plant near Fair Oaks. Natoma Rock Crushing Plant near Fair Oaks
  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California - Folsom Lake State Recreation Area - Quarry
  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California - Folsom State Prison

    • (Also see: “Represa (near Folsom), California - Folsom State Prison” below.)

  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California - Folsom Granite Company - Excerpt from the Tenth Annual Report of The State Mineralogist For The Year Ending December 1, 1890, California State Mining Bureau, Sacramento: State Printing Office, 1890, pp. 513.

    Sacramento County, by W. L. Watts, Assistant in the Field.

    The Folsom Granite Company.

    • “The Folsom Granite Company has been in operation as a separate organization with concessions from the Folsom Water Power Company. They will operate extensive granite quarries, which are situated above the dam on the west side of the river. At this point (circa 1890), quarrying and dressing stone have been carried on for several years, and large quantities have been shipped to San Francisco and various other points. The stone will be brought down on scows from the quarry to the landing stage of the Folsom Water Power Railroad, which connects with the Sacramento Valley Railroad at Folsom. The water power will be used for dressing and polishing the stone.”

  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California - Folsom State Prison Quarry (Granite) - Excerpt from the Tenth Annual Report of The State Mineralogist For The Year Ending December 1, 1890, California State Mining Bureau, Sacramento: State Printing Office, 1890, pp. 511.

    Sacramento County, by W. L. Watts, Assistant in the Field.

    The Quarry At Folsom State Prison.

    “As is well known, an extensive quarry is situated within the prison grounds at Folsom. It has been opened in a granitic spur of the foothills, upon the south bank of the American River. A ledge of granite is here exposed about one thousand two hundred feet long and from fifty to four hundred and fifty men employed on these quarries, and on work in connection with the dam, canal, and power house, which are now under process of construction; of these, probably one hundred and fifty are employed in the quarry itself.

    “The quarry is being worked from both the north and south ends of the ledge, and three derricks are employed to handle the stone. The south end appears to contain the best rock, it being a fine quality of syenitic granite of regular cleavage, and weighs about one hundred and seventy pounds to the cubic foot. Black Powder is principally used, also Nos. 1 and 2 Giant.

    “During the year ending July 1, 1890, about thirty-five to forty thousand yards of stone were taken out for use in construction of the dam, canal, and power house upon the prison grounds, and about thirty thousand cubic yards of rubble stone were also shipped for use in Sacramento as ‘filling’ at the Southern Pacific Railroad shops at that city, and on the line of the railroad, between Sacramento and Port Costa. About five thousand feet of rough-dressed stone have also been sold. This amount has been much smaller than usual, owing to the demand for stone on the works of the canal, dam, and power house, before mentioned.

    “The dam, which is built across the American River at this point, is constructed of masonry, only granite and Portland cement being used.

    “From the dam, the main canal of the Folsom Water Power Company will be brought a distance of about a quarter of a mile to the power house in the grounds of the State Prison. This canal will supply the power house and State factories with power. The canal, where it leaves the dam, will be fifty feet wide at the top, thirty-five feet wide at the bottom, and eight feet deep.

    • “The power house will be about one hundred and sixty-six feet long, and seventy-two feet wide. A forebay will be constructed in the canal on the north side of the power house, and the water necessary to generate the power required by the prison will flow underneath the building, working six turbine wheels. The water will have a drop of seven and four tenths feet, and it is calculated to develop eight hundred horsepower. After it passes through the power house it will flow back to the canal.”

  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California - the Folsom State Prison Granite and Diorite Quarries (From The Structural and Industrial Materials of California, Bulletin No. 38, California, State Mining Bureau, San Francisco, California, 1906.) Click here to visit the Folsom State Prison web site which presents an overview photograph of the prison.

    "Folsom State Prison Granite Quarry; State of California, owner; Represa P. O.; Brainard F. Smith, clerk. In Sec. 25, T. 10 N., R. 7 E., on the east bank of the American River, one mile east of north from the town of Folsom. The quarry is operated with convict labor; the product is principally used in prison and other State construction. The macadam quarry, situate in the same quarter-section, and farther south, is described elsewhere.

    "The exposure of granite on the prison lands is at the southeasterly end of the granite formation that extends in a northwest course from the northeast corner of Sacramento County to Rocklin, in Placer County. Paralleling the granite is a gray diorite, exposed in large masses in the prison macadam quarry.

    "The material produced in the prison quarry is a biotite granite of good building quality that has improved with depth from 170 pounds to 178 pounds to the cubic foot. In December, 1904, the working face of the quarry had a north and south length of 300 feet, 65 feet vertical depth, and a width of 100 feet from the edge of the river bed. The granite has a regular cleavage, the dimension stone quarried averaging 2 feet by 2 feet by 6 feet; the irregular shapes of small sizes are graded as rubble rock.

    "The production in 1904 was 5170 cubic feet of dimension stone and 7760 tons of rubble rock."

    "Folsom State Prison Quarry; State of California, owner. In Sec. 25, T. 10 N., R. 7 E..Besides the rubble quarried with the dimension stone, there is a quarry in diorite. In 1904 the production was 63,021 tons, a small part of which was used by the prison."

  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California - Folsom Granite Quarry (Granite) (Excerpts and photographs from Report XV of the State Mineralogist, Mines and Mineral Resources of Portions of California, Chapters of State Mineralogist's Report Biennial Period 1915-1916, Part III. The Counties of El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, Yuba, California State Mining Bureau, 1919, pp. 271-459.)

    "The Folsom Granite Quarry is situated on the east bank of the American River at Folsom State Prison. The grounds include 483.92 acres, practically all of which is made up of Granodiorite and diabase. The quarry sites are about 50 feet above the bed of the river and just east of the canal.

    "Early work was carried on in diabase, the contact of which, with the granodiorite crosses the American River just north of the site of the old rock crusher. The farther this rock was quarried into the hill the deeper it was decomposed until 100' back from the river bank a 100' face shows 50' of decomposed rock. Work was also carried on in granodiorite in an old quarry just below the dam, but better rock has been opened up at the quarry now being worked just east of the prison power plant. The granodiorite is dark and medium-grained and the prison buildings built of it in 1888 show no sign of weathering. All work is done by prison labor. Equipment consists of hand and hammer drills, two derricks, and a tramway to the prison grounds. The convicts are taught to quarry, cut stone and do the masonry and some have even attempted sculptural work.

    "The granite blocks have been cut for use in the prison buildings, walks, dam, canal, etc. Rip-rap is used along the canal and about 8000 tons per year is sold for railroad ballast.

    "Owned by the Folsom State Prison, J. J. Smith, warden, Represa, California."

    Bibliography for Sacramento County stone industry:

    California State Mineralogist, Reports on Mines: VIII, pp. 556-7, 1888; X. pp. 496-514, 1890; XI, pp. 334-336, 1892; XII. pp. 225-227, 1894; XIII, pp. 316-318, 1895-6; Bulletins: No. 38, Structural and Industrial Materials, pp. 47, 48, 225, 253, 320, 362-4, 370, 1906.

    Photo No. 47. Granite Quarry at Folsom State Prison, Represa, Sacramento. Worked by the convicts at the prison. Courtesy of J. J. Smith, Warden. Granite Quarry at Folsom State Prison
    Photo No. 49. View down the American river from the Folsom Prison dam, showing granite outcrops along the river bed and along cuts made for the outlet canal. The prison buildings and walls were built of granite blocks by convict labor. View down the American river from the Folsom Prison dam
  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California– Rock Quarry, Folsom, State Prison (postcard photograph, No. 21; early 1900s; unmailed)
    • “Rock Quarry, Folsom State Prison” (postcard photograph, #21) “Rock Quarry, Folsom State Prison” (postcard photograph, #21)
  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California - Folsom State Prison and Power House (postcard photograph; unmailed). Caption on photograph reads: "State Prison and Power House, Folsom, Sacramento, County."
    State Prison and Power House, Folsom, Sacramento, County.

  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California - Folsom State Prison (circa 1887) (Excerpt from Appendix To The Journals of The Senate and Assembly of The Twenty-Seventh Session of The Legislature of the State of California, Vol. VII, Sacramento: State Office, P. L. Shoaff, Supt. State Printing, 1887, pp. 127.)

    “There are 479 prisoners on the register of the prison at this date (circa 1887). They are employed in the granite quarries in the prison yard, and in the improvement of the prison tract; and also in the various occupations needed for the carrying on of a prison. For the offices and stores, messengers, bed makers, and hospital, 20; invalids or incapables, 15; tailor shop, 6; shoe shop, 2; butcher shop, 1; carpenter shop, 7; tin shop, 3; blacksmith shop, 17; wagon and repair shop, 2; paint shop, 4; plumbers, 2; engineer department 12; gas house, stable, wood sawyers, wood carriers, sweepers, general help in prison, cell tenders, whitewashers, officers’ dining-room and kitchen, prisoners’ dining-rooms and kitchens, gardeners, freight handlers, water carriers, lamplighters, teamsters, night cooks, gate tenders, 113; laundry, 12; barbers, rope-room, riggers, wood choppers, ox drivers, graders, tool carriers, 37; wall builders, 5; stone-cutters, 30; rough dressers, 30; derrick men, 20;quarrymen and shovelers, 141. There are none unemployed, except those noted as in ‘invalids or incapables,’ and these are men who are crippled, or of unsound mind, or convalescing patients. There are but two in the hospital, and one is the nurse. The prisoners labor diligently, and show an interest in their work. Every man who is able to work is employed; the one female prisoner is also employed in the Turnkey’s office and as seamstress.

    • “This system, which is called the contract or proposition system, does an injury to both workingmen and manufacturers.”

  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California - Folsom State Prison (From Geologic Guidebook of the San Francisco Bay Counties: History, Landscape, Geology, Fossils, Minerals, Industry, and Routes to Travel, Bulletin 154, Olaf P. Jenkins, Chief, California Division of Mines, San Francisco, California, December, 1951. Used with permission, California Department of Conservation, California Geological Survey.) Visit these web sites for more photographs of Folsom State Prison that include the use of Folsom Prison Quarry Granite: (1) Folsom Prison Entrance, presented on the Creative Services Photograph web site; (2) Folsom Prison photographs available in the California State Archives; (3) View of Folsom Prison Granite Wall entitled, "Security fence," presented on the web site "Prison Scene," by Herman Krieger (scroll down to photo); (4) Folsom State Prison, presented by Wikipedia.

    "The earliest stone building in San Francisco was constructed in 1854; dressed granite from china was used. Soon after this, granite from Folsom came on the market."

    "The heaviest and steadiest producer has been the Folsom State Prison where granite dimension stone, riprap, and crushed granite have been produced by prison labor for many years. Much of the granite dimension stone has gone into prison construction, but from 1888-90 Folsom Prison furnished the rock for the construction at Folsom of a dam, canal, and first electric-power plant in central California, Riprap, rubble, and ballast from the prison quarry once were used extensively by the Southern Pacific Railroad."

  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California - Folsom State Prison Granite Quarry (Granite) Provided granite for the prison. (The Structural and Industrial Materials of California, Bulletin No. 38, San Francisco, California, 1906.) The photographs below were taken of the prison museum and walls a few years ago circa 2003.

    Entrance to Folsom State Prison

    Folsom State Prison Wall

  • Folsom, Sacramento County, California – Folsom State Prison (Present-Day)

    • According to the Folsom State Prison web site: The Folsom Museum is located near the entrance of Folsom Prison. Run solely through the support of volunteers, the museum contains an abundance of documents and artifacts from throughout Folsom’s long and colorful history.”

  • Sacramento County, California - Sandstone Quarry near the Cosumnes River (circa 1890) - Excerpt from the Tenth Annual Report of The State Mineralogist For The Year Ending December 1, 1890, California State Mining Bureau, Sacramento: State Printing Office, 1890, pp. 510.

    Sacramento County, by W. L. Watts, Assistant in the Field.

    Sandstone.

    “A sandstone has of late been used for building purposes taken from a point about one mile above the wire bridge on the Cosumnes River in T. 8 N., R. 8 E. This quarry was opened by parties in an early day and the stone used for trimming the Court House in Sacramento, and for several other buildings in that city. About thirty-five years ago a house was built of it near the quarry, which is still in a state of good preservation.

    “The formation appears to be a remnant of sedimentary rocks that are prominent in Amador County, the connection between the two through Sacramento having been eroded. Recently (circa 1890) this stone has been made use of in the construction of the building now occupied by the Post Office at Sacramento.”

  • Sacramento Valley, California – Dressing Granite for Buildings in Sacramento Valley (from “Sacramento Valley and Foothill Counties of California,” An Illustrated description of all the Counties Embraced in this Richly Productive Geographical Subdivision of the Golden State, Compiled and Edited by Emmett Phillips and John H. Miller, Published Under Direction of The Sacramento Valley Expositions Commission, J. A. Filcher, Director-in-Chief, January 1915, pp. 22 This book is available on Google Book Search – Full View Books.)
    Dressing Granite for Buildings in Sacramento Valley, circa 1915 Dressing granite for buildings in Sacramento Valley, California, circa 1913.

 

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